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class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-16T14:14:59.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-16 22:14:59">2021-02-16</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2021-02-17T06:32:28.710Z" title="更新于 2021-02-17 14:32:28">2021-02-17</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/">前端学习</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"> <span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.6k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>6分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="Node-js学习-十二-Express框架-："><a href="#Node-js学习-十二-Express框架-：" class="headerlink" title="Node.js学习(十二.Express框架)："></a>Node.js学习(十二.Express框架)：</h1><blockquote>
<p>本篇文章自己学习的笔记，具体学习请看官方文档:   <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://nodejs.cn/api/">Node.js API</a></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h2 id="Express框架简介："><a href="#Express框架简介：" class="headerlink" title="Express框架简介："></a>Express框架简介：</h2><ul>
<li>在Node基础中学习了 <strong>Node.js 中的 http 模块</strong>，虽然知道使用 Node.js 中的 http 模块是可以开发 Web 应用的，处理静态资源，处理动态资源，请求分发（路由）等等，也可以让开发者对 HTTP 协议的理解更加清晰，但是使用起来比较复杂，开发效率低。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>npm 提供了大量的第三方模包，其中不乏许多 Web 框架，我们没有必要重复发明轮子，因而选择使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.expressjs.com.cn/">Express</a> 作为开发框架，因为它是目前最稳定、使用最广泛，而且 Node.js 官方推荐的唯一一个 Web 开发框架。除了为 http 模块提供了更高层的接口外，还实现了许多功能，其中包括：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>静态文件服务；</p>
</li>
<li><p>路由控制；</p>
</li>
<li><p>模板解析支持；</p>
</li>
<li><p>动态视图；</p>
</li>
<li><p>用户会话；</p>
</li>
<li><p>CSRF 保护；</p>
</li>
<li><p>错误控制器；</p>
</li>
<li><p>访问日志；</p>
</li>
<li><p>缓存；</p>
</li>
<li><p>插件支持。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>官网：</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.expressjs.com.cn/">http://www.expressjs.com.cn/</a> </p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>express 是一个基于<code>内置核心 http 模块</code>的，一个<code>第三方的包</code>，专注于 <code>web 服务器</code>的构建。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><h2 id="使用Express搭建服务器的Hello-world程序："><a href="#使用Express搭建服务器的Hello-world程序：" class="headerlink" title="使用Express搭建服务器的Hello world程序："></a>使用Express搭建服务器的Hello world程序：</h2><ul>
<li><p>首先创建一个名为 myapp 的目录，在命令行输入并运行 <strong>yarn init -y</strong> （或者 npm init -y）。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>使用 **yarn add express ** （或者 npm install express ）安装 Express 包；</p>
</li>
<li><p>其次在 myapp 目录中，创建一个名为 app.js 的文件，并复制下面示例中的代码。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1、引入express模块并创建express对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> express = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;express&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> app = express();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2、书写处理请求的方法，来响应请求</span></span><br><span class="line">app.get(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 这里的代码在浏览器以get请求/的时候执行，  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 这个函数就是用来处理浏览器的 对于/的get请求 的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 第一个参数req是请求头对象，里面包含请求头信息</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 第二个参数res用来做响应</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(req);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    res.send(<span class="string">&#x27;Hello World!222&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 3、监听端口</span></span><br><span class="line">app.listen(<span class="number">3000</span>, <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//这里的代码服务器刚启动的时候执行1次</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&#x27;Example app listening on port 3000!&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>使用 <code>node app.js</code> 启动应用，访问 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:3000/">http://localhost:3000/</a> 就可以看到效果。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="使用Express对get请求方式的处理"><a href="#使用Express对get请求方式的处理" class="headerlink" title="使用Express对get请求方式的处理:"></a>使用Express对get请求方式的处理:</h2><ul>
<li><h4 id="返回页面"><a href="#返回页面" class="headerlink" title="返回页面:"></a>返回页面:</h4><ul>
<li><p>myapp 目录下新建views文件夹放入register.html页面。</p>
</li>
<li><p>register.html中：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span>注册页面11<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">hr</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">form</span> <span class="attr">action</span>=<span class="string">&quot;/register&quot;</span> <span class="attr">method</span>=<span class="string">&quot;POST&quot;</span> <span class="attr">enctype</span>=<span class="string">&quot;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        用户名：<span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;username&quot;</span> <span class="attr">placeholder</span>=<span class="string">&quot;请输入用户名...&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        邮箱：<span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;email&quot;</span> <span class="attr">placeholder</span>=<span class="string">&quot;请输入email...&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        密码：<span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;password&quot;</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;password&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        确认密码：<span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;password&quot;</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;repwd&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;submit&quot;</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">&quot;注册提交&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">form</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在app.js 中:</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> express = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;express&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> app = express();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1、引入fs和path模块</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> fs = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;fs&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&quot;path&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2、处理/register的get请求</span></span><br><span class="line">app.get(<span class="string">&#x27;/register&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//读取页面内容，并返回这个页面</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> pathName = path.join(__dirname, <span class="string">&#x27;views&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;register.html&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> regPage = fs.readFileSync(pathName, <span class="string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    res.send(regPage);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">app.listen(<span class="number">3000</span>, <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&#x27;Example app listening on port 3000!&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><h4 id="获取查询参数"><a href="#获取查询参数" class="headerlink" title="获取查询参数:"></a>获取查询参数:</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">app.get(<span class="string">&#x27;/index&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> ret = req.query   <span class="comment">// 获取到一个对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    res.send(ret.curPage);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//可以在请求的时候传入查询参数：</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//http://localhost:3000/index?curPage=3&amp;perPage=10</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="使用Express对post请求方式的处理"><a href="#使用Express对post请求方式的处理" class="headerlink" title="使用Express对post请求方式的处理:"></a>使用Express对post请求方式的处理:</h2><ul>
<li><h4 id="post请求处理格式"><a href="#post请求处理格式" class="headerlink" title="post请求处理格式:"></a>post请求处理格式:</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">app.post(<span class="string">&#x27;/register&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//可以在回调函数中，获取请求参数(用户在页面填写的信息)，并进行处理</span></span><br><span class="line">    res.send(<span class="string">&quot;post---&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><h4 id="获取请求参数"><a href="#获取请求参数" class="headerlink" title="获取请求参数:"></a>获取请求参数:</h4><ul>
<li><p>我们使用第三方的包<code>body-parser</code> ，更加简便专业地处理请求参数</p>
</li>
<li><p>首先，项目目录下安装<code>body-parser</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yarn add body-parser  或者  npm install body-parser</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>使用<code>body-parser</code>获取请求参数：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1、引入body-parser</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> bodyParser = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;body-parser&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2、bodyParser功能添加到项目app中</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded   针对普通页面提交功能</span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded(&#123; <span class="attr">extended</span>: <span class="literal">false</span> &#125;))  <span class="comment">//false接收的值为字符串或者数组，true则为任意类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// parse application/json    </span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(bodyParser.json())   <span class="comment">// 解析json格式</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 3、在接口中获取请求参数 req.body</span></span><br><span class="line">app.post(<span class="string">&#x27;/register&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 可以在回调函数中，获取请求参数(用户在页面填写的信息)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取请求参数</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(req.body);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取到请求参数之后就可以在这里处理这些请求参数，比如保存到数据库中(后面我们学习数据库知识)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    res.send(<span class="string">&quot;post ok&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="重定向到其他接口"><a href="#重定向到其他接口" class="headerlink" title="重定向到其他接口:"></a>重定向到其他接口:</h2><ul>
<li><p>一般注册成功之后可以跳转到登录页面，这就是重定向</p>
</li>
<li><p>我们使用  <code>res.redirect(&#39;/login&#39;);</code> 来实现跳转到另外一个接口进行处理</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 添加登录页面的接口</span></span><br><span class="line">app.get(<span class="string">&#x27;/login&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//读取页面内容，并返回这个页面</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> pathName = path.join(__dirname, <span class="string">&#x27;views&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;login.html&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> loginPage = fs.readFileSync(pathName, <span class="string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    res.send(loginPage);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">app.post(<span class="string">&#x27;/register&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 可以在回调函数中，获取请求参数(用户在页面填写的信息)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取请求参数</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(req.body.username);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 一般注册成功之后可以跳转到登录页面，这就是重定向</span></span><br><span class="line">    res.redirect(<span class="string">&#x27;/login&#x27;</span>);   <span class="comment">// 重定向到&#x27;/login&#x27;接口，对应的接口函数会执行</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="all-方法合并同个请求路径的不同方式"><a href="#all-方法合并同个请求路径的不同方式" class="headerlink" title="all() 方法合并同个请求路径的不同方式:"></a>all() 方法合并同个请求路径的不同方式:</h2><ul>
<li><p>针对上面案例 <code>/register</code> 请求的方式可以有两种GET和POST，Express提供了合并书写接口的<code>all()</code>方法：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">app.all(<span class="string">&#x27;/register&#x27;</span>,<span class="function">(<span class="params">req, res</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> method = req.method</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(method===<span class="string">&#x27;GET&#x27;</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//读取页面内容，并返回这个页面</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">let</span> pathName = path.join(__dirname, <span class="string">&#x27;views&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;register.html&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> regPage = fs.readFileSync(pathName, <span class="string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        res.send(regPage);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(method===<span class="string">&#x27;POST&#x27;</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(req.body.username);</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 一般注册成功之后可以跳转到登录页面，这就是重定向</span></span><br><span class="line">        res.redirect(<span class="string">&#x27;/login&#x27;</span>);    </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
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class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn card-announcement-animation"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">大学生一枚，软件工程，想做全栈攻城狮，哈哈，有兴趣可以加 QQ:484695754 (也可以点上面的logo)，一起交流学习</div></div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Node-js%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0-%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C-Express%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6-%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Node.js学习(十二.Express框架)：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Express%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Express框架简介：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Express%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84Hello-world%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用Express搭建服务器的Hello world程序：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Express%E5%AF%B9get%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用Express对get请求方式的处理:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span class="toc-number">1.3.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">返回页面:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.3.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取查询参数:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Express%E5%AF%B9post%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用Express对post请求方式的处理:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#post%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.4.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">post请求处理格式:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.4.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取请求参数:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E5%88%B0%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">重定向到其他接口:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" 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